翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Gamma-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone ・ Gamma-muurolene synthase ・ Gamma Control ・ Gamma Coronae Australis ・ Gamma Coronae Borealis ・ Gamma Corps ・ Gamma correction ・ Gamma Corvi ・ Gamma counter ・ Gamma Crateris ・ Gamma Crucis ・ Gamma Cygni ・ Gamma Delphini ・ Gamma delta T cell ・ Gamma distribution ・ Gamma diversity ・ Gamma Doradus ・ Gamma Doradus variable ・ Gamma Draconis ・ Gamma Epsilon Tau ・ Gamma Equulei ・ Gamma Eridani ・ Gamma Eta ・ Gamma Ethniki ・ Gamma Ethniki Cup ・ Gamma FC ・ Gamma Flight ・ Gamma function ・ Gamma Geminorum ・ Gamma globulin Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Gamma diversity ： ウィキペディア英語版 Gamma diversity The term gamma diversity (γ-diversity) was introduced by R. H. Whittaker〔Whittaker, R. H. (1960) Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs, 30, 279–338.〕 together with the terms alpha diversity (α-diversity) and beta diversity (β-diversity). Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape (γ) is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a more local scale (α) and the differentiation among those habitats (β). According to this reasoning, alpha diversity and beta diversity constitute independent components of gamma diversity: :$\backslash gamma\; =\; \backslash alpha\; \backslash times\; \backslash beta$ ==Scale considerations== The area or landscape of interest may be of very different sizes in different situations, and no consensus has been reached on what spatial scales are appropriate to quantify gamma diversity.〔Whittaker, R. J. et al. (2001). Scale and species richness: towards a general, hierarchical theory of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography 28: 453-470. 〕 It has therefore been proposed that the definition of gamma diversity does not need to be tied to a specific spatial scale, but gamma diversity can be measured for an existing dataset at any scale of interest.〔Tuomisto, H. (2010) A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity. Ecography 33: 2-22. 〕 If results are extrapolated beyond the actual observations, it needs to be taken into account that the species diversity in the dataset generally gives an underestimation of the species diversity in a larger area. The smaller the available sample in relation to the area of interest, the more species that actually exist in the area are not found in the sample.〔Colwell, R. K. and Coddington, J. A. (1994) Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 345, 101-118.〕〔Tuomisto, H. (2010) A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 2. Quantifying beta diversity and related phenomena. Ecography, 33, 23-45. 〕 The degree of underestimation can be estimated from a species-area curve. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gamma diversity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.